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Effects of proximity to cities on farm production systems

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Because of increasing peri-urban sprawl, agricultural production systems must today be analysed according to the location of the farm : they are influenced by both the size of neighbouring urban areas and the farm’s distance from them.
Near cities, especially the largest of them, farms are small and intensive. Farther from urban centres, because it is less expensive, land is substituted for capital and for labour. These effects can be seen for several kilometres around small cities and for as far as several dozen kilometres around larger metropolises.

Ministère de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation